{"id":813,"date":"2019-03-26T12:50:09","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T12:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/?p=813"},"modified":"2020-06-02T12:19:12","modified_gmt":"2020-06-02T15:19:12","slug":"substantivos-em-ingles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/substantivos-em-ingles\/","title":{"rendered":"Substantivos em Ingl\u00eas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/go.idiomus.com\/app\/download\/blog?category=ingles&amp;post=substantivos-em-ingles\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3168 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/capa-blog-55.png\" alt=\"Substantivos em ingl\u00eas\" width=\"912\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/capa-blog-55.png 912w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/capa-blog-55-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/capa-blog-55-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 912px) 100vw, 912px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Substantivos em ingl\u00eas<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quando estudamos ingl\u00eas, uma das nossas principais preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 o tamanho do nosso vocabul\u00e1rio, ou seja, quantas palavras n\u00f3s conhecemos em ingl\u00eas, para que possamos nos expressar com mais exatid\u00e3o nessa l\u00edngua. Evidentemente, a maior parte desse vocabul\u00e1rio \u00e9 formada por substantivos &#8211; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, em ingl\u00eas &#8211; que comp\u00f5em mais da metade de todas as palavras do idioma, segundo o <a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford_English_Dictionary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dicion\u00e1rio Oxford.<\/a> \u00c9 nesse tipo de estudo que entram todas aquelas listas de palavras sobre um mesmo assunto: profiss\u00f5es, vestimentas, partes do corpo, <a href=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/animais-em-ingles\/\">animais<\/a>, c\u00f4modos da casa etc. Ent\u00e3o, para nos aquecermos no estudo dos substantivos em ingl\u00eas, vamos come\u00e7ar com exemplos de alguns dos substantivos utilizados com mais frequ\u00eancia no idioma, acompanhados de suas respectivas tradu\u00e7\u00f5es:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adult<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adulto<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/category\/resumos-de-livros\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">book<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">livro<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">business<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">neg\u00f3cio, empreendimento<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">car<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carro<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">child<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: crian\u00e7a<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">company<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: empresa<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">country<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> pa\u00eds<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">day<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> dia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eye<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> olho<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fact<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> fato<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">family<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> fam\u00edlia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">father<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> pai<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">group<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> group<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hand<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> m\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">house<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> casa<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">home<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> lar<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">job<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> emprego<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">life<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> vida<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">love<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> amor<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">man<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> homem<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mother<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> m\u00e3e<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">night<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> noite<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> n\u00famero<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">person<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> pessoa<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">place<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> lugar<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">point<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> ponto<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">problem<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> problema<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">question<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> quest\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">room<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> sala<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">school<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> escola<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">student<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> estudante<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">system<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> sistema<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">table<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> mesa<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">thing<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> coisa<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">time<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> tempo<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">water<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> \u00e1gua<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">week<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> semana<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">word<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> palavra<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">world<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> mundo<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">woman<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> mulher<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">year<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>:<\/em> ano<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contudo, ainda que essa seja uma parte essencial do estudo do idioma, ela n\u00e3o \u00e9 a \u00fanica. Isso porque as regras para o uso dos substantivos em ingl\u00eas n\u00e3o se limitam a saber o seu significado ou palavra correspondente em portugu\u00eas. Na verdade, h\u00e1 v\u00e1rias regrinhas e exce\u00e7\u00f5es muito importantes que devem ser levadas em considera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antes de passar para elas, vamos revisar um pouco do que aprendemos na escola sobre essa classe de palavras. Nas aulas de l\u00edngua portuguesa, aprendemos que os substantivos s\u00e3o divididos em comuns e pr\u00f3prios, simples e compostos, concretos e abstratos, primitivos e derivados, e coletivos. Os substantivos em ingl\u00eas tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o divididos de uma forma muito parecida, segundo as categorias abaixo:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b><i>Common and proper nouns <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">substantivos comuns e pr\u00f3prios<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assim como no portugu\u00eas, os substantivos em ingl\u00eas podem se referir a coisas mais gerais, designando o conjunto de uma mesma coisa (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">common nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), ou a seres ou lugares espec\u00edficos, referindo-se um item particular dentro desse conjunto (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">proper nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Os <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">proper nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> come\u00e7am <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sempre<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> com letra mai\u00fascula.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Exemplos:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Common nouns:<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> man<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (homem)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, singer<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (cantor\/a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, country<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pa\u00eds)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, lake<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (lago)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, museum <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(museu).<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i>Proper nouns: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">John, Mariah Carey, France <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Fran\u00e7a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Lake Ness<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (lago Ness)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Louvre.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b><i>Concrete and abstract nouns <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; substantivos concretos e abstratos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Novamente como na nossa l\u00edngua, os substantivos em ingl\u00eas podem se referir a coisas reais, que podem ser identificadas por um de nossos cinco sentidos (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">concrete nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), ou a conceitos, emo\u00e7\u00f5es e d<\/span>emais ideias que n\u00e3o podem ser sentidas fisicamente <i>(abstract nouns<\/i>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Exemplos:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Concrete nouns: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">body<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (corpo)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, cat<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (gato)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, pants<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (cal\u00e7as)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, bowl<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (tigela)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, gold <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ouro)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, smell<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (cheiro).<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><b><i>Proper nouns: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mind<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (mente)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, happiness<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (alegria)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, justice <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(justi\u00e7a)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, childhood <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(inf\u00e2ncia)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, lie<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (mentira)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, dream <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(sonho).<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3167\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3167\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3167 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/camera-iphone-macbook-pro-office-62689-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"substantivos em ingl\u00eas \" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/camera-iphone-macbook-pro-office-62689-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/camera-iphone-macbook-pro-office-62689-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/camera-iphone-macbook-pro-office-62689-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/camera-iphone-macbook-pro-office-62689-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/camera-iphone-macbook-pro-office-62689.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3167\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quando pensamos em objetos do dia a dia, os substantivos em ingl\u00eas equivalentes a eles s\u00e3o geralmente common, concrete nouns.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b><i>Countable and uncountable nouns <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; substantivos cont\u00e1veis e incont\u00e1veis<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Como o pr\u00f3prio nome indica, estas categorias se referem aos substantivos em ingl\u00eas que podem ser contados (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">countable nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) &#8211; ou seja, que podem ser enumerados e flexionados no singular ou no plural &#8211; e aos que n\u00e3o podem (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">uncountable nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), por se referirem, geralmente, a coisas amorfas (l\u00edquidos, p\u00f3s, gases) ou cujas unidades s\u00e3o pequenas demais para se contar. Estes aparecem sempre no singular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Exemplos:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Countable nouns: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">person<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (pessoa)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, feeling<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (sentimento),<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> idea<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (ideia)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, bottle <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(garrafa)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, grain<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (gr\u00e3o)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, dollar<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (d\u00f3lar)<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b><i>Uncountable nouns: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">knowledge <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(conhecimento)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, love <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(amor), <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">information <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(informa\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, water<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u00e1gua)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, sugar <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(a\u00e7\u00facar)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, money<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (dinheiro)<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na pr\u00e1tica, al\u00e9m da enumera\u00e7\u00e3o e da flex\u00e3o no plural, usamos palavras distintas para indicar as quantidades desses substantivos. Para os substantivos <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cont\u00e1veis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, usamos os adjetivos <\/span><b><i>many\/few <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(muito\/pouco)<\/span><b><i>, more\/fewer <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(mais\/menos)<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<\/span><b><i> most\/fewest<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (o que tem mais\/o que tem menos), sempre os colocando no plural. J\u00e1<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">para os substantivos <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">incont\u00e1veis<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, sempre no singular, usamos <\/span><b><i>much\/little<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (muito\/pouco)<\/span><b><i>, more\/less <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(mais\/menos)<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<\/span><b><i> most\/least <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(o que tem mais\/o que tem menos).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Exemplos:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We didn\u2019t buy <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">many<\/span> <b>bottles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of water for the party tonight.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i>(N\u00e3o compramos muitas garrafas d\u2019\u00e1gua para a festa esta noite)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You don\u2019t need <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">much<\/span> <b>water<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to take a bath.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i>(Voc\u00ea n\u00e3o precisa de muita \u00e1gua para tomar um banho).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This year, the event had <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fewer<\/span> attendants<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than last year.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><\/b>(Este ano, o evento teve menos participantes que ano passado)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The event had <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">less<\/span><\/i> <b><i>attendance<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than expected.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i>(O evento teve uma participa\u00e7\u00e3o menor do que a esperada)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Her essay was the one with the <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fewest<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> grammatical <\/span><\/i><b><i>mistakes<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<br \/>\n<\/span>(A reda\u00e7\u00e3o dela foi a que teve menos erros gramaticais)<\/li>\n<li><b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the recipe with the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">least<\/span> sugar<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I could find.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><\/b>(Esta \u00e9 a receita com menos a\u00e7\u00facar que eu consegui achar)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b><i>Collective nouns <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; substantivos coletivos<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Por \u00faltimo, temos a categoria dos <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collective nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ela inclui tanto os substantivos espec\u00edficos usados para se referir a grupos de pessoas, animais e objetos, chamados de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">terms of venery<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> e equivalentes aos substantivos coletivos que conhecemos em portugu\u00eas, como tamb\u00e9m uma s\u00e9rie de outras palavras usadas para falar sobre conjuntos de seres e coisas de modo mais geral. Essas palavras s\u00e3o geralmente usadas no singular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Exemplos de <\/b><b><i>terms of venery:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An <\/span><b>army <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of ants\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(Um grupo de formigas)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>board <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of directors\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(Um quadro de diretores)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>bouquet <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of flowers\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(Um buqu\u00ea de flores)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>fleet <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of ships\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(Uma frota de navios)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>litter <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of puppies\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(Uma ninhada de filhotes)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>pack <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of wolves\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(Uma alcateia de lobos)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>pride <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of lions\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(Um bando de le\u00f5es)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>school <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of fish\u00a0<\/span><\/i>(Um cardume de peixes)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>swarm <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of bugs<\/span><\/i>(Um enxame de insetos)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_825\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-825\" style=\"width: 1067px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-825\" src=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/alice-donovan-rouse-115131-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"animals\" width=\"1067\" height=\"736\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-825\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quando em d\u00favida sobre os coletivos espec\u00edficos de substantivos em ingl\u00eas, a dica \u00e9 usar group (grupo) para pessoas e animais, e pack (conjunto) para objetos.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Outros <\/b><b><i>collective nouns<\/i><\/b><b>:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Audience<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: plateia<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Band<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: banda<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choir<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: coro<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Class<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: classe, turma<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Committee<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: comiss\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crowd<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: multid\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Family<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: fam\u00edlia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flock<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: bando, manada<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gang<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: gangue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Government<\/em>: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">governo<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Group<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: grupo<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Pack<\/em>: conjunto<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Panel<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: painel<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>People<\/em>*<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: pessoas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Police<\/em>*<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: pol\u00edcia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Team<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Troupe<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: trupe<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Observa\u00e7\u00e3o: os <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">collective nouns<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> s\u00e3o geralmente usados com <a href=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/verbos-em-ingles\/\">verbos\u00a0 em ingl\u00eas<\/a> no singular, e excepcionalmente com <a href=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/verbos-em-ingles\/\">verbos em ingl\u00eas<\/a> no plural quando se quer destacar os indiv\u00edduos que comp\u00f5em o grupo. Contudo, os substantivos <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">police<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> devem <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sempre<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ser conjugados no plural.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Exemplos:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I don\u2019t think the <\/span><b>government <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has made<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a good choice on that matter.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i>(N\u00e3o acho que o governo tenha feito uma boa escolha naquela quest\u00e3o)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think the <\/span><b>government <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are doing<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a good job in addressing such issue.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i>(Acho que [os membros do] governo fazem um bom trabalho abordando tal quest\u00e3o)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>police <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> investigating the case thoroughly.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i>(A pol\u00edcia est\u00e1 investigando o caso minuciosamente)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No geral, devemos lembrar que os substantivos s\u00e3o a base da l\u00edngua. S\u00e3o eles que geralmente exercem as fun\u00e7\u00f5es de sujeitos e de objetos das <a href=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/frases-em-ingles\/\">frases\u00a0em ingl\u00eas<\/a>, ent\u00e3o precisamos conhecer um pouco de todos os seus tipos e saber como us\u00e1-los adequadamente, sen\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel formar qualquer frase direito. Nesse sentido, saber diferenciar suas categorias \u00e9 um \u00f3timo instrumento de aprendizado que facilita a memoriza\u00e7\u00e3o das regras que ditam seu uso, incluindo se \u00e9 poss\u00edvel us\u00e1-los no plural e que <a href=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/adjetivos-em-ingles\/\">adjetivos<\/a> de quantidade usar com eles, por exemplo. Por fim, vale lembrar que os substantivos em ingl\u00eas s\u00e3o muito vers\u00e1teis, e podem tamb\u00e9m exercer fun\u00e7\u00e3o de adjetivos quando est\u00e3o acompanhando outro substantivo, ou mesmo fun\u00e7\u00e3o de verbo, sendo precisos tanto um vocabul\u00e1rio razo\u00e1vel quanto boas no\u00e7\u00f5es de gram\u00e1tica para compreender todos os seus diferentes usos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gostou do Artigo? Compartilhe-o e deixe seu coment\u00e1rio logo abaixo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Confira tamb\u00e9m os artigos: <a href=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/textos-em-ingles-com-traducao-e-audio\/\">Textos em ingl\u00eas com tradu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/past-perfect\/\">Past Perfect<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ali\u00e1s, se voc\u00ea tem a inten\u00e7\u00e3o de aprimorar o seu ingl\u00eas e acelerar ainda mais o seu aprendizado, voc\u00ea precisa conhecer o nosso aplicativo. Nele, voc\u00ea aprende ingl\u00eas atrav\u00e9s de resumos de livros de desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional.<\/p>\n<p>Todos os nossos resumos s\u00e3o disponibilizados nos formatos de \u00e1udio e texto com a tradu\u00e7\u00e3o sincronizada, para que voc\u00ea possa ter uma experi\u00eancia agrad\u00e1vel e consiga estudar ingl\u00eas enquanto aprende alguma habilidade nova atrav\u00e9s de nossos resumos. Afinal, aprender ingl\u00eas n\u00e3o precisa ser chato \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Para come\u00e7ar a utilizar gratuitamente o nosso aplicativo \u00e9 s\u00f3 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/go.idiomus.com\/app\/download\/blog?category=ingles&amp;post=substantivos-em-ingles\">clicar aqui.\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/go.idiomus.com\/app\/download\/blog?category=ingles&amp;post=substantivos-em-ingles\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2305 \" src=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Aplicativo-Idiomus-19-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"Aplicativo Idiomus\" width=\"701\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Aplicativo-Idiomus-19-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Aplicativo-Idiomus-19-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Aplicativo-Idiomus-19-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Aplicativo-Idiomus-19-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Aplicativo-Idiomus-19.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Substantivos em ingl\u00eas Quando estudamos ingl\u00eas, uma das nossas principais preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 o tamanho do nosso vocabul\u00e1rio, ou seja, quantas palavras n\u00f3s conhecemos em ingl\u00eas, para que possamos nos expressar com mais exatid\u00e3o nessa l\u00edngua. Evidentemente, a maior parte desse vocabul\u00e1rio \u00e9 formada por substantivos &#8211; nouns, em ingl\u00eas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3169,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ingles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=813"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3170,"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/813\/revisions\/3170"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idiomus.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}